T20 turbo

T20 Turbo Types

The T20 turbo is a type of turbocharger widely used in performance diesel and petrol engines. The T20 turbo is available in various subtypes, each designed to meet specific performance requirements and engine configurations. Here are the most notable ones:

• Turbine Size

  Based on turbine size, T20 turbochargers are sub-categorized into small, medium, and large units. Small T20 turbos have compact turbines and are ideal for quick spool-up times and low-end torque. They work well in lighter vehicles and applications where quick acceleration is needed. On the other hand, large T20 turbos produce more power at higher RPMs. They are suitable for heavy vehicles and applications that prioritize high-speed performance. Lastly, medium-sized T20 turbochargers offer a balance between low-end torque and high-end power, making them versatile for various applications.

• Compressor Wheel Design

  Compressor wheels in T20 turbochargers can also be designed differently. Depending on the design, they can be axial, centrifugal, or mixed-flow. Centrifugal compressor wheels are the most common in the T20 turbo. They have a radial blade design that efficiently compresses air for high-pressure ratios. Axial compressor wheels have blades arranged in an inline formation, delivering a smooth airflow ideal for high-flow applications. Mixed-flow compressor wheels combine axial and centrifugal designs, making them suitable for versatile applications that require a compromise between high pressure and flow rate.

• Cooling Method

  T20 turbos can also be categorized based on the cooling method. Some units utilize water cooling, where water from the engine's cooling system circulates through channels in the turbo. This helps dissipate heat effectively, maintaining optimal turbocharger temperatures. Other T20 turbos use oil cooling. Here, the engine oil is circulated through the turbo to absorb and transfer heat away. Oil cooling is a more common and simpler method than water cooling, although it is less efficient. There are also air-cooled T20 turbos. They rely on airflow around the turbo to cool it down. Air cooling is the most basic cooling method but is only effective in low-temperature conditions or at high speeds when there is good airflow.

Specification and maintenance of T20 Turbos

The specifications of T20 turbochargers vary depending on the make and model. Here are some general specifications:

• Engine Displacement:

  The T20 turbo is commonly used in vehicles with 1.8L to 2.5L engine displacements. This is because the turbo needs to be paired with an adequately sized engine for the best performance.

• Turbo Type:

  The T20 turbo is a twin-scroll turbo. This type of turbo is more efficient than single-scroll turbos. Twin-scroll turbos spool faster, which reduces turbo lag.

• Compressor Wheel:

  Compressor wheels draw air into the T20 turbo and push it into the engine's combustion chamber. The compressor wheel diameter measures 50mm to 56mm. Some turbos also have billet compressor wheels. Compared to cast wheels, billet wheels offer higher performance.

• Turbine Wheel:

  The turbine wheel drives the shaft that connects it to the compressor wheel. The diameter of the turbine wheel is 48mm to 54mm. The turbine wheel is usually made from stainless steel or Inconel, which can withstand high temperatures.

• Aspect Ratio:

  The aspect ratio measures the difference between the diameter of the turbine and the housing. T20 turbochargers have an aspect ratio between 0.5 and 0.7. A lower aspect ratio means the turbo spools faster.

• Boost Pressure:

  The T20 turbo generates boost pressure of 10 to 20 psi. Higher boost pressure increases the amount of power produced by the engine. However, the T20 turbo has to be paired with a fuel system and intercooler that can support the increased boost pressure.

• Trim:

  The trim is the ratio of the compressor or turbine wheel's surface area to the volume of air it moves. The trim of the T20 turbocharger ranges from 60 to 90. Higher trim values correlate with higher power output but also create more boost lag.

Maintaining T20 turbochargers is important to ensure they last longer and perform well. Here are some maintenance tips:

• Regular Oil Changes: Oil keeps the moving parts of the turbo lubricated. Be sure to change the oil and oil filter as recommended in the vehicle's service manual. If the oil is dirty, it can clog the oil passages in the turbo and cause damage. Apart from regular oil changes, inspect the oil lines for leaks and cracks.
• Use High-Quality Oil: Use synthetic oil with the right viscosity for the T20 turbo. Synthetic oils can withstand the high temperatures generated by the turbo. Also, use high-octane fuel to prevent knocking.
• Allow Turbo to Cool: After driving for long distances or highway driving, allow the turbo to cool before turning off the ignition. Stopping the engine suddenly can cause the oil to break down because the turbo is still hot.
• Clean Turbo Regularly: Carbon deposits can build up in the turbo and reduce its efficiency. If the vehicle uses an older turbo, consider using a decarbonizing additive to clean the turbo. Washing the T20 turbo with soapy water can also help remove dirt and grime.
• Inspect the Wastegate and Actuator: The wastegate regulates the boost pressure generated by the turbo. A faulty wastegate can result in overboost or underboost. Check the wastegate for leaks and damage. Also, check the wastegate actuator for proper operation.
• Check for Boost Leaks: Inspect the hoses and intercooler for leaks. A boost leak can reduce the boost pressure generated by the turbo and affect engine performance.
• Check the Timing Belt: The timing belt synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft and camshaft. A damaged timing belt can cause the turbo to desynchronize and affect its performance.

How to Choose T20 Turbo

Of course, when buying T20 turbo for resale, it is very important to choose the suitable ones that will sell out quickly. Here are some tips for choosing T20 turbos:

• Consider the Engine Size

  The T20 turbocharger is designed to improve engine performance and is ideal for vehicles with 2.0 to 2.5 Litre engines. Therefore, when selecting a T20 turbo, consider the size of the engine. A T20 turbo is appropriate for any vehicle that wants to improve engine performance.

• Understand Tuning Requirements

  Installing a T20 turbocharger requires tuning of the engine control unit (ECU) to optimize performance and reliability. When selecting a T20 turbo, ensure that the ECU can be tuned to work with the turbocharger.

• Consider Exhaust and Intake Compatibility

  When selecting a T20 turbo, consider the exhaust and intake systems. Ensure that they are compatible with the turbocharger to maximize performance.

• Determine Desired Power Goals

  Before selecting a T20 turbo, determine the power level that is desired. The T20 turbo has different models that offer various power outputs. Choose the one that best suits the needs.

• Consider Supporting Modifications

  When selecting a T20 turbo, consider other modifications that will be done to the vehicle to support the turbo. This may include upgrades to the fuel system, cooling system, and exhaust system.

How to DIY and Replace T20 Turbo

Many turbos use ball bearings, which makes them complicated. Replacing a T20 turbo is a complex process. It requires mechanical knowledge and experience. It's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions. Here is a general guide on how to replace T20 turbo.

The first step is to gather the necessary tools. These include socket and torque wrenches, oil catch pan, new oil and filter, anti-seize compound, clean rags, and replacement turbo. It's also important to read the service manual for the specific vehicle being worked on.

• 1. Prepare the Vehicle: Disconnect the battery. Raise the vehicle and support it with jack stands. Then, open the hood and remove the engine cover. This will provide access to the turbo.
• 2. Drain the Fluids: Drain the engine oil using an oil catch pan. Then, remove the coolant hoses connected to the turbo and drain the coolant.
• 3. Remove the Old Turbo: Disconnect the pipes that go in and out of the turbo. Then, disconnect the oil feed and return lines. Next, disconnect the exhaust side of the turbo from the downpipe. Finally, remove the turbo mounting bolts and lift the turbo out of the engine.
• 4. Prepare the New Turbo: Apply a thin coat of clean oil to the new turbo's bearings. Then, ensure all new gaskets and O-rings are in place.
• 5. Install the New Turbo: Mount the new turbo using the mounting bolts. Make sure to tighten the bolts to the manufacturer's torque specifications. Then, reconnect the exhaust downpipe, oil lines, and intake pipes.
• 6. Reassemble and Test: Reconnect the coolant hoses and drain the oil. Then, pour new oil into the engine and fill the cooling system with new coolant. Start the engine and let it idle for a few minutes. Check for any leaks and ensure everything is working properly.

Q and A

Q1: What is a T20 turbo?

A1: A T20 turbo is a turbocharger commonly used in performance-oriented vehicles. It is designed to improve engine efficiency and increase power output by forcing more air into the combustion chamber.

Q2: How does the T20 turbo work?

A2: The T20 turbo uses exhaust gases from the engine to spin a turbine, which in turn draws in and compresses air. This process forces more air into the engine's intake manifold, allowing for more fuel to be burned and resulting in increased power and torque.

Q3: What are the advantages of using a T20 turbo in vehicles?

A3: T20 turbos can enhance engine performance, increase fuel efficiency, and reduce emissions. They are particularly beneficial for buyers looking for extra power without significantly increasing engine size or weight.

Q4: Can the T20 turbo be installed in any vehicle?

A4: While the T20 turbo can be installed in most internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, it is best suited for petrol-powered engines. The installation process may also require modifications to the exhaust and intake systems.

Q5: What maintenance does the T20 turbo require?

A5: Routine maintenance, such as regular oil changes and air filter replacements, is essential to keep the T20 turbo in good condition. It is also necessary to allow the turbo to cool down after driving to prevent heat damage.